trial experiment

Russian\ \ проба; эксперимент

trial

n. experiment, trial, research, attempt to discover or test something

See: trial

n <tech.allg> (z.B. im Windkanal) ■ model test; model experiment; model trial; scale model test; scale model testing

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1) trial, test (S. konungr sagði, at bann vildi at vísu, at málit fœri til raunar);

2) trial, grief (ef þú vissir, hve míkla raun ek hefi af þessu);

3) trial of courage, strait, danger (ef vér komum í nökkura raun, sjáum þá, ef ek stend at baki öðrum);

4) experience;

at minni raun, to my experience;

raun verðr á e-u, it is proved by experience (hann var binn mesti fullhugi, sem opt höfðu raunir á orðit);

raun berr vitni, it turns out, proves (ei bar raun svá vitni, at hann hefði undan skotizt);

berr raun á = raun berr vitni (sagði þeim svá hugr um, sem siðarr bar raun á);

koma (komast) at raunum um, to ascertain, make sure of, get to know (nú em ek at raunum komin um þat, er mik hefir lengi grunat);

5) proof (þú mant sjálfr gefa þér raun, hverr þú ert);

6) reality;

gen. ‘raunar’ as adv. really, indeed (B. vildi gøra sætt við Knút konung, en þar bjuggu raunar svik undir).

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f. [akin to rún, q. v.], a trial, experiment, experience; sem opt höfðu raunir á orðit, Bjarn. 66; sem nú verða margar raunir á, Ó. H. 30; sem raunir bar á, skipt hefi ek nú skaplyndi til þín, ok mun ek göra á því nokkura raun, Fms. vii. 113; var þá sem opt eru raunir, Ó. H. 184; prófuðum vér fyrir sjálfra vár raun, ok margra dugandis manna.; framsögn, Dipl. i. 3; biskup svarar því, at önnur raun mundi á verða en at …, Orkn. 280; sem opt bar raun á, Bs. i. 129; raunin er úlýgnust, a saying, 656 A.I. 25; látum þá hafa ena sömu raun sem fyrr (ærnar raunir, v. l.), Fms. viii. 134; raun bar vitni, Ísl. ii. 335; þú munt at raun um komask, 197, Bs. i. 83:—trial, danger, vóru þeir jafnan þar sem mest var raun, Nj. 136; röskr maðr í öllum raunum, Fms. vi. 119 því traustari sem raunin er meiri ok lengri, viii. 134; koma í nokkura raun, Fs. 120; þegar í raunirnar rekr, when it presses hard:—trial, grief mundir þú mik þess eigi biðja, ef þú vissir hve mikla raun ek hefi af þessu, if thou knewest how much pain it gives me, Ld. 232; ærin er þó raun konunnar, Fs. 76; en nú hafi þér af ena mestu raun, Nj. 139; mér er mesta raun að því, it pains me much; skap-raun, an affliction; geð-raun, the mind’s trial; hug-raun, id.:—in plur., raunir, trials, woes, misfortunes; mann-raunir:—a trial, ordeal, þá gengr hann til þessar raunar Fms. xi. 38:—investigation, konungr sagði, at hann vildi at vísu, at málit færi til raunar, vii. 136; þá skal hann stefna honum til skila ok raunar, Grág. i. 179, 226; raunar-stefna, a summons, citation, inquest, ii. 226; hann stefndi honum raunar stefnu um þat hvárt hann hefði réttar heimildir á Staðarhóls-landi ok Hvítadal, Sturl. ii. 235.

II. gen. raunar, as adverb, really, indeed; raunar mjök, much indeed, Ld. 66; ok vóru þó margir raunar mjök þrekaðir, Fms. xi. 143; hafði hann vitað raunar at þar var tó undir, Rd. 310; ek heiti raunar Víglundr, my real name is V., Vígl. 29; en þat var raunar, at þeir höldrinn höfðu sæzt á laun, i. e. that was at the bottom of it, Orkn. 298; hón skildi þó raunar, Fs. 76.

COMPDS: raunarlaust, raunarmaðr, raunamaðr, raunastafr, raunastefna, raundigr, raundrjúgr, raungóðr, rauníllr, raunlítt, raunmjök, rauntregr, raunvel, raunæfr, raunöruggr.

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1) Medicine: trial experiment (разведочный, пробный)

2) Engineering: pilot experiment

3) Advertising: preliminary experiment

4) Quality control: tentative

• В-третьих, опыт автора говорит, что... - Thirdly, it is the author's experience that... <

• Выполнив опыт успешно, мы... - Having carried out the test successfully, we...

• Данная формула хорошо согласуется с опытом. - This formula is in good agreement with the experiment.

• Его карьера к данному моменту уже включает опыт в... - His career to date has included experience in...

• Из нашего опыта мы знаем, что... - It is a matter of experience that...

• Из опыта работы в индустрии ясно, что... - It is clear from experience within the industry that...

• Из повседневного опыта мы знаем, что... - We learn from common experience that...

• Из собственного опыта могу сообщить, что... - From personal experience, I can say that...

• Каждодневный опыт предлагает... - Everyday experience suggests that...

• Мы собираемся опираться на опыт читателя относительно... - We are going to rely on the reader's experience with...

• Накапливая опыт, студенты узнают, как... - With practice the student will learn to...

• Накопив достаточный опыт, пользователь должен быть способен... - With sufficient experience, the user should be able to...

• Накопленный опыт начал нам указывать, что... - Our accumulated experience began to indicate that...

• Наш опыт приводит нас к заключению, что... - Experience leads us to conclude that...;

• Необходим опыт для... - It takes experience to...

• Опыт автора говорит, что... - The author's experience suggests that...

• Опыт говорит нам, что... - Our experience tells us that...

• Опыт истории показывает, что... - Historical experience shows that...

• Опыт показывает, что... - Experiment shows that...

• Опыт учит нас, что... - Experience teaches us that...

• Опыты, проведенные на животных,... - The experiments performed on animals are...

• Профессор Смит был умелым исследователем с многолетним опытом в... - Prof. Smith was a skilled researcher who had many years of experience with...

• Смит [1] имел многолетний опыт работы с... - Smith [1] had many years of experience dealing with...

pĕrīcŭlum (contr. pĕrīclum, very freq. in the poets, e. g. Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 29; Ter. And. 2, 2, 13; 5, 1, 2; 5, 2, 26 al.; Lucr. 1, 580; 2, 5 et saep.; Verg. A. 2, 709; 751; 3, 711 et saep.; Juv. 6, 94), i, n. [root, Sanscr. par, pi-par-mi, to conduct, guide; Gr. peraô, to pierce; poros. a way through, passage; Lat. porta, portus, ex - perior, per-itus; cf. Germ. fahren, Gefahr], a trial, experiment, attempt, proof, essay (class.; cf. disorimen).

Lit.:

fac periculum in litteris,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 23:

miser est homo qui amat... Scio qui periclum feci,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 27:

priusquam periclum faceret,

Caes. B. G. 4, 21:

ex aliis,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 36:

alicujus fidei periculum facere,

to make trial of, to try, Cic. Verr. 1, 12, 34:

quā in re tute tui periculum fecisti,

id. Div. in Caecil. 8, 27: legionum, Auct. B. Afr. 79.—

Transf.

Concr., an attempt in writing, an essay:

faciunt imperite, qui in isto periculo non ut a poëtā, sed ut a teste, veritatem exigent (speaking of a poem in honor of Marius),

Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 4; Aus. Idyll. 10, 215.—

Risk, hazard, danger, peril (which acompanies an attempt;

the common signif. of the word): meo periclo rem gero,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 100:

tuo ego istaec dicam illi periculo,

id. ib. 4, 2, 17:

periculum facere,

to run a risk, id. ib. 1, 1, 63:

si ei subito sit allatum periculum discrimenque patriae,

Cic. Off. 1, 43, 154:

salus sociorum summum in periculum ac discrimen vocatur,

id. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12:

discriminum et periculorum comites,

id. N. D. 2, 66, 166:

obire pericula ac labores,

Liv. 1, 54:

periculum adire capitis,

to run the risk of one's life, Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:

in periculo animarum suarum,

Vulg. 1 Par. 11, 19:

subire pro amico,

Cic. Part. 19, 66:

suscipere,

to take upon one's self, id. Mur. 36, 76:

ingredi,

id. ib. 2, 4:

conflare alicui,

to cause, occasion, id. Sull. 4, 13:

intendere in aliquem,

id. Rosc. Am. 3, 7:

intendere alicui,

id. Att. 2, 19, 1:

mortis alicui inicere,

id. Caecin. 29, 83:

facessere innocenti,

id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 45:

facere alicui,

Sall. C. 33, 1; cf.:

ego nihil facio tibi periculi,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 3, 7:

creare alicui,

Cic. Att. 22, 2:

comparare alicui,

id. Fl. 38, 96:

moliri optimis civibus,

id. Sest. 1, 1:

amici depellere,

id. Clu. 6, 8:

subterfugere,

id. Fam. 15, 1, 4:

adducta est res in maximum periculum et extremum paene discrimen,

id. Phil. 7, 1, 1:

se in periculum capitis atque in vitae discrimen inferre,

id. Balb. 10, 25:

arcessere aliquem in summum capitis periculum,

id. Rab. Perd. 9, 26:

includere in periculum,

id. Clu. 55, 155:

in periculum se committere,

to get into danger, id. Inv. 2, 8, 37:

eripere ex periculo,

id. Clu. 26, 70:

extrahere ex periculo,

to release from danger, id. Sest. 4, 11:

rem publicam a periculo prohibere,

id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

liberare periculis,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 32:

res in periculo vertitur,

the affair becomes perilous, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 12:

esse in periculo,

Cic. Fam. 4, 15, 2:

in periculo versari,

id. Rab. Post. 9, 23:

a securi negat ei periculum esse,

that danger threatens him, id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:

periculum est, ne,

there is danger that, id. Tusc. 5, 40, 118; so id. Verr. 1, 11, 32: periculo meo, tuo, suo, at my, your, his risk:

meo periculo,

id. Sest. 52, 111:

crede audacter meo periculo,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 51:

meo periculo rem gero,

id. Bacch. 4, 4, 100; id. As. 2, 4, 51:

des ei nummos fide et periculo meo,

Dig. 46, 1, 24:

navem sumptu periculoque suo armatam mittere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 20, § 50; id. Fl. 17, 41:

rem periculi sui facere,

to do a thing at one's own risk, Dig. 23, 5, 16: bono periculo, safely, without danger (post-class.), App. Mag. p. 320, 16.—

In partic.

A trial, action, suit at law (class.):

meus labor in privatorum periculis caste integreque versatus,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 2:

aliquem in periculis defendere,

Nep. Phoc. 2, 3.—

A writ of judgment, a sentence:

unum ab iis petivit, ut in periculo suo inscriberent, etc.,

Nep. Ep. 8:

pericula magistratuum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79, § 183.—

A sickness, attack of sickness (post-Aug.):

in acutis vero periculis nullis dandum est vinum,

Plin. 23, 1, 24, § 48.—

Ruin, destruction (postclass.):

tremefactae nutant usque ad periculum civitates,

Arn. 1, 4.

pĕrīcŭlum (contr. pĕrīclum, very freq. in the poets, e. g. Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 29; Ter. And. 2, 2, 13; 5, 1, 2; 5, 2, 26 al.; Lucr. 1, 580; 2, 5 et saep.; Verg. A. 2, 709; 751; 3, 711 et saep.; Juv. 6, 94), i, n. [root, Sanscr. par, pi-par-mi, to conduct, guide; Gr. peraô, to pierce; poros. a way through, passage; Lat. porta, portus, ex - perior, per-itus; cf. Germ. fahren, Gefahr], a trial, experiment, attempt, proof, essay (class.; cf. disorimen).

Lit.:

fac periculum in litteris,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 23:

miser est homo qui amat... Scio qui periclum feci,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 27:

priusquam periclum faceret,

Caes. B. G. 4, 21:

ex aliis,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 36:

alicujus fidei periculum facere,

to make trial of, to try, Cic. Verr. 1, 12, 34:

quā in re tute tui periculum fecisti,

id. Div. in Caecil. 8, 27: legionum, Auct. B. Afr. 79.—

Transf.

Concr., an attempt in writing, an essay:

faciunt imperite, qui in isto periculo non ut a poëtā, sed ut a teste, veritatem exigent (speaking of a poem in honor of Marius),

Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 4; Aus. Idyll. 10, 215.—

Risk, hazard, danger, peril (which acompanies an attempt;

the common signif. of the word): meo periclo rem gero,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 100:

tuo ego istaec dicam illi periculo,

id. ib. 4, 2, 17:

periculum facere,

to run a risk, id. ib. 1, 1, 63:

si ei subito sit allatum periculum discrimenque patriae,

Cic. Off. 1, 43, 154:

salus sociorum summum in periculum ac discrimen vocatur,

id. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12:

discriminum et periculorum comites,

id. N. D. 2, 66, 166:

obire pericula ac labores,

Liv. 1, 54:

periculum adire capitis,

to run the risk of one's life, Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:

in periculo animarum suarum,

Vulg. 1 Par. 11, 19:

subire pro amico,

Cic. Part. 19, 66:

suscipere,

to take upon one's self, id. Mur. 36, 76:

ingredi,

id. ib. 2, 4:

conflare alicui,

to cause, occasion, id. Sull. 4, 13:

intendere in aliquem,

id. Rosc. Am. 3, 7:

intendere alicui,

id. Att. 2, 19, 1:

mortis alicui inicere,

id. Caecin. 29, 83:

facessere innocenti,

id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 45:

facere alicui,

Sall. C. 33, 1; cf.:

ego nihil facio tibi periculi,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 3, 7:

creare alicui,

Cic. Att. 22, 2:

comparare alicui,

id. Fl. 38, 96:

moliri optimis civibus,

id. Sest. 1, 1:

amici depellere,

id. Clu. 6, 8:

subterfugere,

id. Fam. 15, 1, 4:

adducta est res in maximum periculum et extremum paene discrimen,

id. Phil. 7, 1, 1:

se in periculum capitis atque in vitae discrimen inferre,

id. Balb. 10, 25:

arcessere aliquem in summum capitis periculum,

id. Rab. Perd. 9, 26:

includere in periculum,

id. Clu. 55, 155:

in periculum se committere,

to get into danger, id. Inv. 2, 8, 37:

eripere ex periculo,

id. Clu. 26, 70:

extrahere ex periculo,

to release from danger, id. Sest. 4, 11:

rem publicam a periculo prohibere,

id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

liberare periculis,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 32:

res in periculo vertitur,

the affair becomes perilous, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 12:

esse in periculo,

Cic. Fam. 4, 15, 2:

in periculo versari,

id. Rab. Post. 9, 23:

a securi negat ei periculum esse,

that danger threatens him, id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:

periculum est, ne,

there is danger that, id. Tusc. 5, 40, 118; so id. Verr. 1, 11, 32: periculo meo, tuo, suo, at my, your, his risk:

meo periculo,

id. Sest. 52, 111:

crede audacter meo periculo,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 51:

meo periculo rem gero,

id. Bacch. 4, 4, 100; id. As. 2, 4, 51:

des ei nummos fide et periculo meo,

Dig. 46, 1, 24:

navem sumptu periculoque suo armatam mittere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 20, § 50; id. Fl. 17, 41:

rem periculi sui facere,

to do a thing at one's own risk, Dig. 23, 5, 16: bono periculo, safely, without danger (post-class.), App. Mag. p. 320, 16.—

In partic.

A trial, action, suit at law (class.):

meus labor in privatorum periculis caste integreque versatus,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 2:

aliquem in periculis defendere,

Nep. Phoc. 2, 3.—

A writ of judgment, a sentence:

unum ab iis petivit, ut in periculo suo inscriberent, etc.,

Nep. Ep. 8:

pericula magistratuum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79, § 183.—

A sickness, attack of sickness (post-Aug.):

in acutis vero periculis nullis dandum est vinum,

Plin. 23, 1, 24, § 48.—

Ruin, destruction (postclass.):

tremefactae nutant usque ad periculum civitates,

Arn. 1, 4.